In this article, the author has the presumption of taking manhood to brotherhood by considering cautiously what we are and what we are not from an anthropological standpoint.
Clearly, we can no longer ignore the profound impact of genes in the determination of human behavior. Over the century, many scholars, social scientists and philosophers have come to recognize the explanatory power of neo-Darwinian biology. Some go even further in asserting that, there is a genetic basis responsible for racial differences in intelligence. One of them is Richard Lynn, famous psychologist and competent scholar, who devotes a great deal of time, pain, and pleasure to the study concerning the evolution of racial differences in intelligence.

According to Lynn, survival in temperate and cold environments acted as a selection pressure favoring enhanced intelligence and explains why the Caucasoids and the Mongoloids are the races, which have evolved the highest intelligence.

The debate on racial differences in intelligence is not about to be over. On one side, some scholars accept the thesis in general terms, although they elaborate or suggest modifications to a number of points; on the other, some are simply unsympathetic to it and raise various objections. However, the anthropological evidence fails to support Lynn’s hypothesis. We will take a closer look at it to reveal its weaknesses.

Indeed, Lynn argued eight(8) principal points:

1- In relation to a mean I.Q. of approximately 100(and standard deviation of 15) for Caucasoids in Europe, North America and Australasia, Mongoloids typically obtain mean I.Q. in the range of 97-110, South East Asians 80-95, Amerindians 70-90, Negroids 65-81, and Negroid-Caucasoid hybrids 81-94.

2-The three major races show the same differences in reaction times as they do in intelligence, suggesting a neurological basis to the differences.

3-The mean I.Q. of the races is also associated with their achievements in the development of civilization during the last 5,000 years.

4-Mongoloids and Ameridians have a different pattern of intelligence from Caucasoids and negroids, consisting of strong visuospatial abilities and weak verbal abilities.

5-The consistency of the races’levels and patterns of intelligence, found in a variety of geographical locations and over 5,000 years of history, cannot be explained in environmental terms. Therefore, we have to infer the presence of genetic differences.

6-Racial differences in intelligence are also associated with differences in living standards. This is best explained by the theory of Genotype- environment correlation, which states that peoples construct their own environment in accordance with their genetic capabilities. A genetically intelligent people will make a superior environment.

7-If racial differences in intelligence have a genetic basis; some explanation is required for how the differences have risen. Two possibilities were considered: a) That the cold environments of Eurasia acted as a selection pressure on the Caucasoids and Mongoloids for enhanced intelligence necessary to solve the problems of hunting, tool and weapon making, and keeping warm; b) among Caucasoids and Mongoloids mutant alleles may have appeared for enhanced intelligence and a shift toward a high visuospatial- low verbal profile in the Mongoloids, and these alleles spread through the populations, because they conferred a selection advantage.

8-Where populations experience selection pressure for increased intelligence, they have typically responded by evolving larger brains which have afforded the necessary enhanced problem solving, information processing and learning capacities. The same thing has apparently happened in the evolution of the human races, where brain sizes are greater in Mongoloids and decrease in the other races in accordance with their mean I.Qs.

Obviously, Lynn was concerned to set out “the evidence” on a worldwide basis and to advance a theory to explain how the differences h